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Updated: Sep 3, 2025

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Risk of Rash in PD-1 or PD-L1-Related Cancer Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

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|July 28, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immune-related rash is a common side effect of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. This meta-analysis found these cancer immunotherapies significantly increase the risk of developing rash, especially when used with chemotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Immune-related rash is a frequent toxicity associated with PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors.
  • Understanding the incidence risk of this skin toxicity is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the incidence risk of immune-related rash caused by PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors.
  • To compare the risk of rash with different treatment regimens including chemotherapy and placebo.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis conducted following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Random effects model used for all analyses.
  • Inclusion of 86 clinical trials across 15 groups, analyzing rash of all grades and grades 3-5.

Main Results:

  • PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors significantly increased the risk of rash (OR=1.66) compared to chemotherapy.
  • The risk was higher when compared to placebo (OR=2.62).
  • Combination therapy with chemotherapy, especially as second-line treatment, further elevated rash risk (OR=2.98).

Conclusions:

  • PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors, alone or in combination, enhance the risk of developing rash.
  • Second-line combination therapies showed a particularly higher risk.
  • No significant difference in rash risk was observed between PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitor subgroups.