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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Remote Magnetic Navigation for Accurate, Real-time Catheter Positioning and Ablation in Cardiac Electrophysiology Procedures

Remote Magnetic Navigation for Accurate, Real-time Catheter Positioning and Ablation in Cardiac Electrophysiology Procedures

Published on: April 21, 2013

Dipole charge density mapping integrated in remote magnetic navigation: First-in-human feasibility study.

Rita B Gagyi¹, Anna M E Noten¹, Sip Wijchers¹

¹Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

International Journal of Cardiology. Heart & Vasculature

|July 28, 2022

Summary

The AcQMap-RMN system is as safe as CARTO-RMN for robotic magnetic navigation ablation procedures. AcQMap-RMN improves outcomes for persistent atrial fibrillation and atrial tachycardias, despite initial increases in procedure time and fluoroscopy use.

Keywords:

Atrial arrhythmia Catheter ablation Mapping and imaging Robotic navigation

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Last Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Remote Magnetic Navigation for Accurate, Real-time Catheter Positioning and Ablation in Cardiac Electrophysiology Procedures

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Published on: April 21, 2013

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Published on: February 19, 2017

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Medicine
Medical Technology
Electrophysiology

Background:

Robotic magnetic navigation (RMN) enhances catheter precision and stability in cardiac procedures.
Historically, CARTO 3 mapping system (CARTO-RMN) was the sole RMN integration.
A new high-resolution non-contact mapping system (AcQMap) is now integrated with RMN (AcQMap-RMN) for treating atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial tachycardias (AT).

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the safety, efficiency, and efficacy of AcQMap-RMN versus CARTO-RMN guided catheter ablation (CA).

Main Methods:

A prospective registry comparing procedural data from 238 patients (147 AcQMap-RMN, 91 CARTO-RMN).
Evaluation of primary endpoint: safety (procedural complications).
Assessment of secondary endpoints: procedure duration, fluoroscopy use, and recurrence rates at 12 months.

Main Results:

AcQMap-RMN demonstrated non-inferior safety compared to CARTO-RMN (3.4% vs. 3.3% complications).
AcQMap-RMN procedures were longer with increased fluoroscopy use (172.5 min vs. 129.6 min; 181.0 mGy vs. 131.0 mGy), but these decreased with experience.
AcQMap-RMN showed improved outcomes for persistent AF (36.6% recurrence vs. 75.0%) and AT (17.1% recurrence vs. 38.7%), and was non-inferior for paroxysmal AF (6.6% vs. 12.5%).

Conclusions:

AcQMap-RMN integration maintains the safety of RMN-guided ablations.
The AcQMap-RMN system enhances CA outcomes for persistent AF and AT.
Initial implementation of AcQMap-RMN requires a learning curve, involving longer procedures and higher fluoroscopy exposure.