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Related Concept Videos

Tracheostomy Suctioning II: Procedure01:23

Tracheostomy Suctioning II: Procedure

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Tracheostomy suctioning is a vital nursing procedure that involves removing secretions from the tracheostomy tube to maintain airway patency and prevent respiratory complications. Nurses need to understand the proper technique for tracheostomy suctioning to ensure patient safety and comfort. In this guide, we will outline the step-by-step process for performing tracheostomy suctioning, including preparing the sterile field, donning personal protective equipment (PPE), lubricating and connecting...
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Tracheostomy Suctioning I: Pre-Procedural Steps01:26

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Tracheostomy suctioning is a critical procedure healthcare professionals perform to maintain a patent airway in patients with a tracheostomy tube. This procedure is necessary when secretions accumulate in the airway, causing respiratory distress. Here is a step-wise procedural guide for performing tracheostomy suctioning using an open system.
Equipment Required
First, gather all necessary equipment: a sterile suction catheter, a sterile disposable container, sterile gloves, a towel or...
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Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway01:29

Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway

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Nasopharyngeal suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the upper part of the respiratory tract that the patient cannot clear independently. It helps maintain airway patency and prevents complications such as aspiration pneumonia.
Equipment Required
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Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway01:25

Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway

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In preparing for oropharyngeal airway suctioning, a nurse must gather all necessary equipment, including a suction unit with tubing, a prepackaged suction kit, sterile gloves, water or saline for irrigation, a water-soluble lubricant, and additional personal protective equipment (such as a gown, mask, and goggles) to control infections.
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...
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Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Topical Airway Anesthesia for Awake-endoscopic Intubation Using the Spray-as-you-go Technique with High Oxygen Flow
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Aerosol Generation During Otologic Surgery.

Mari Lahelma, Lotta Oksanen, Noora Rantanen

    Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
    |July 28, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    Otologic surgery generates significant aerosols, especially during drilling, laser, and electrocautery use. Employing cold instruments, maintaining suction, and using lower drill speeds can reduce airborne particle spread during these procedures.

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    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Surgical Aerosols
    • Infection Control

    Background:

    • Aerosol generation during otologic surgery poses a risk for airborne pathogen transmission.
    • Understanding instrument-specific aerosolization is crucial for surgical safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify aerosol generation during otologic procedures.
    • To identify specific instruments and factors contributing to aerosol production.
    • To inform safety measures against airborne pathogens like SARS-CoV-2.

    Main Methods:

    • Prospective observational study measuring aerosol particles (0.3–10 μm) using an Optical Particle Sizer.
    • Aerosol concentrations were recorded during drilling, bipolar electrocautery, laser, suction, and cold instruments.
    • Operating room background and coughing were used as reference values.

    Main Results:

    • Drilling significantly increased aerosol concentrations compared to background and coughing (p < 0.0001).
    • Higher drilling speeds correlated with increased particle counts (p = 0.037).
    • Bipolar electrocautery, drilling, and laser generated more aerosols than cold instruments or suction (p < 0.0001).

    Conclusions:

    • Drilling, laser, and bipolar electrocautery are major aerosol-generating sources in otologic surgery.
    • Using cold instruments, maintaining suction, and reducing drill speed can mitigate aerosol spread.
    • Implementing these strategies may reduce airborne pathogen transmission in otologic procedures.