Immunomodulation properties of biotics and food allergy in pediatrics

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
• Microbiome Research
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Increasing incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases in children, including allergies like cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA).
• Association between early life events (preterm birth, C-section, antibiotic use, limited breastfeeding) and the development of allergic diseases.
• Differences in gut microbiota composition in early life are observed between children who develop allergic diseases and those who do not.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the role of gut microbiota modulation and immune system interventions in managing CMPA.
• To highlight the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of CMPA.
• To investigate the scientific support and promise of biotics (prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics) in CMPA prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

• Observational studies comparing gut microbiota in infants with and without allergic diseases.
• Review of clinical evidence supporting the use of biotics for CMPA management.
• Analysis of interdisciplinary approaches involving allergists, gastroenterologists, immunologists, microbiologists, and nutritionists.

Main Results:

• Gut microbiota composition differs significantly between infants who develop allergies and those who do not.
• Early interventions targeting the gut microbiota and immune system show potential for CMPA management.
• Biotics are scientifically supported as supplementary dietary tools for CMPA prevention and treatment.

Conclusions:

• Modulating the infant gut microbiota and immune system is crucial for managing CMPA.
• An interdisciplinary approach is essential for optimal pediatric allergy care.
• Biotics represent a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating CMPA.