Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

1.5K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
1.5K
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

3.3K
A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
3.3K
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

1.4K
Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
1.4K
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

2.1K
Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
2.1K
Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

8.8K
Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
8.8K
The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

126.9K
Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
126.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Task-specific computational fluid dynamics evaluation of multi-outlet extrusion nozzles for bioprinting.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology·2026
Same author

Reduction of motion artifacts from photoplethysmography signals using learned convolutional sparse coding.

Physiological measurement·2026
Same author

Editorial: Intersection between the biological and digital: synthetic biological intelligence and organoid intelligence.

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience·2025
Same author

A skewed-Gaussian model for pulse decomposition analysis of photoplethysmography signals.

Physiological measurement·2024
Same author

<i>In silico</i> modelling of neuron signal impact of cytokine storm-induced demyelination.

Open biology·2024
Same author

Toward Interdisciplinary Synergies in Molecular Communications: Perspectives from Synthetic Biology, Nanotechnology, Communications Engineering and Philosophy of Science.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond
08:08

Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond

Published on: June 24, 2015

11.6K

Biocomputing Model Using Tripartite Synapses Provides Reliable Neuronal Logic Gating With Spike Pattern Diversity.

Giulio Basso, Michael Taynnan Barros

    IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience
    |July 28, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers engineered astrocytes to control neuronal communication, creating reliable biocomputing logic gates. This astrocyte regulation acts as a denoising mechanism, improving the accuracy of organic neuroprostheses and brain implants.

    More Related Videos

    Author Spotlight: Modular Neuronal Networks for Analyzing Brain Functions
    07:38

    Author Spotlight: Modular Neuronal Networks for Analyzing Brain Functions

    Published on: June 7, 2024

    1.7K
    Interfacing 3D Engineered Neuronal Cultures to Micro-Electrode Arrays: An Innovative In Vitro Experimental Model
    09:47

    Interfacing 3D Engineered Neuronal Cultures to Micro-Electrode Arrays: An Innovative In Vitro Experimental Model

    Published on: October 18, 2015

    10.2K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Sep 3, 2025

    Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond
    08:08

    Real-time Electrophysiology: Using Closed-loop Protocols to Probe Neuronal Dynamics and Beyond

    Published on: June 24, 2015

    11.6K
    Author Spotlight: Modular Neuronal Networks for Analyzing Brain Functions
    07:38

    Author Spotlight: Modular Neuronal Networks for Analyzing Brain Functions

    Published on: June 7, 2024

    1.7K
    Interfacing 3D Engineered Neuronal Cultures to Micro-Electrode Arrays: An Innovative In Vitro Experimental Model
    09:47

    Interfacing 3D Engineered Neuronal Cultures to Micro-Electrode Arrays: An Innovative In Vitro Experimental Model

    Published on: October 18, 2015

    10.2K

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biocomputing
    • Computational Biology

    Background:

    • Biocomputing utilizes cell signaling for computation, aiming for devices like living implants.
    • Neuronal communication's inherent noise and stochasticity pose significant challenges for reliable biocomputing.
    • Astrocytes regulate neuronal activity and synaptic function, offering a potential solution for noise reduction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and model neuronal logic gates (AND, OR) using astrocytes for enhanced biocomputing reliability.
    • To investigate the role of astrocyte synaptic regulation in mitigating noise in neuronal signaling.
    • To assess the performance of astrocyte-modulated logic gates under varying noise conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Mathematical modeling combining Izhikevich and Postnov neuron models with astrocyte synaptic regulation.
    • Characterization of logic gate responses based on spike pattern variability.
    • Evaluation of AND and OR gate performance using error ratio and accuracy metrics at different Gaussian noise levels.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that astrocyte regulatory activity effectively functions as a denoising mechanism.
    • Quantified the performance of AND and OR logic gates with varying levels of synaptic noise.
    • Showcased the potential of engineered astrocytes to improve the reliability of neuronal computations.

    Conclusions:

    • Engineered astrocytes can significantly enhance the reliability of biocomputing systems.
    • Astrocyte-mediated synaptic regulation offers a promising strategy for noise reduction in neuronal logic gates.
    • This approach paves the way for developing more robust and accurate living implants and organic neuroprostheses.