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Related Concept Videos

Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface01:04

Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface

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Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics with broad applications in the civil engineering field. When fluid is in contact with a curved surface, as in a reservoir, dam, or storage tank, it exerts pressure that varies in magnitude and direction along the curved surface. To assess the total hydrostatic force exerted by the fluid on a curved structure, engineers typically isolate the fluid volume adjacent to the surface and analyze the forces acting on...
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Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Plane Surface01:04

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When a plane surface is submerged in a fluid, hydrostatic forces develop on the surface due to the fluid's pressure. For horizontal surfaces, the pressure exerted by the fluid is uniform because the depth remains constant. The resultant force is determined by the pressure at the given depth multiplied by the area of the surface, and it acts through the centroid of the surface. For vertical surfaces, the pressure varies with depth, increasing as the distance from the fluid's free surface...
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Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
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Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field01:22

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A charged particle experiences a force when moving through a magnetic field. Consider the field to be uniform and the charged particle to move perpendicular to it. If the field is in a vacuum, the magnetic field is the dominant factor determining the motion. Since the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, a charged particle follows a curved path. The particle continues to follow this curved path until it forms a complete circle. Another way to look at this is that the...
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Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

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Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
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Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions
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Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

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Hydrodynamically induced helical particle drift due to patterned surfaces.

Danielle L Chase1, Christina Kurzthaler1, Howard A Stone1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists uncovered how tilted corrugated surfaces guide sedimenting particles in microfluidic devices. This hydrodynamic interaction creates helical trajectories and particle drift, offering insights for particle sorting and focusing applications.

Keywords:
corrugated substrateshelical dynamicsmicrofluidicsnear-surface driftparticle sedimentation

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High-resolution Patterning Using Two Modes of Electrohydrodynamic Jet: Drop on Demand and Near-field Electrospinning
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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Microfluidics
  • Surface science

Background:

  • Microfabrication allows tailored surfaces for particle manipulation in microfluidic devices.
  • Corrugated surfaces are effective for particle motion control, but the underlying physics is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hydrodynamic interactions between sedimenting particles and corrugated surfaces.
  • To elucidate the physical mechanism behind particle manipulation by surface topography.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study of sedimenting spherical particles near tilted corrugated surfaces.
  • Analytical perturbation theory to model hydrodynamic coupling and particle dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Observed three-dimensional helical particle trajectories with drift along corrugations.
  • Quantitative agreement between experimental results and theoretical predictions.
  • Identified transverse anisotropy in the pressure field as the cause of helical dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a universal mechanism for particle transport near patterned surfaces.
  • Findings provide fundamental insights for designing microfluidic devices for particle focusing and sorting.
  • Optimal surface characteristics for particle drift were identified.