Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

46.6K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
46.6K
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

406
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
406
International Nursing Organizations II01:28

International Nursing Organizations II

1.1K
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structural and Physicochemical Features of Oral PROTACs.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2024
Same author

Compulsory treatment of drug users in Asia: designed to torture?

International journal of prisoner health·2024
Same author

NerveTracker: a Python-based software toolkit for visualizing and tracking groups of nerve fibers in serial block-face microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation images.

Journal of biomedical optics·2024
Same author

Acceptable performance of blood biomarker tests of amyloid pathology - recommendations from the Global CEO Initiative on Alzheimer's Disease.

Nature reviews. Neurology·2024
Same author

Understanding the important characteristics of neighbourhoods to facilitate ageing in place and longevity.

Australasian journal on ageing·2024
Same author

Diversity, resistance and vector competence of endophilic anophelines from southern Ghana.

MalariaWorld journal·2024
Same journal

Factors shaping understanding and interpretation of sexual practice survey questions in south-central Uganda: A qualitative analysis of cognitive interviews.

African journal of AIDS research : AJAR·2026
Same journal

Challenges and opportunities of foreign aid cuts and HIV/AIDS response in Nigeria: A focus on orphans, vulnerable children, and the Families Matter! Program.

African journal of AIDS research : AJAR·2026
Same journal

Criminalisation, stigma, and survival: A qualitative study of men who have sex with men and HIV prevention in Lagos, Nigeria.

African journal of AIDS research : AJAR·2026
Same journal

Trends in condom use and its socioeconomic inequalities among men in Sierra Leone for HIV prevention, 2008-2019: A longitudinal analysis.

African journal of AIDS research : AJAR·2026
Same journal

HIVST in the presence of a partner among fishermen in Western Kenya: A qualitative study.

African journal of AIDS research : AJAR·2026
Same journal

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual and reproductive health performance indicators at public health care facilities in Ekurhuleni Health District, South Africa: An interrupted time series analysis.

African journal of AIDS research : AJAR·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
23:56

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

16.8K

The global HIV response at 40.

David Wilson1, Alethea Wen Lan Cook1, Zara Shubber1

  • 1The World Bank, Washington DC, United States.

African Journal of AIDS Research : AJAR
|July 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The global HIV response, despite significant investment, has yielded mixed results. Future strategies must shift from disease-specific emergencies to integrated, nationally-owned systems for better health and development outcomes, especially during COVID-19.

Keywords:
COVIDWorld Bank

More Related Videos

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
19:57

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

18.6K
Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
13:58

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

31.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
23:56

Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

Published on: October 31, 2010

16.8K
An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
19:57

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

18.6K
Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
13:58

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

31.7K

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Public Health Policy
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The global HIV/AIDS response has evolved through distinct phases: 'Calamity' (1980-2000), 'Hope' (2000-2015), and 'Choices' (2015-present), now 'Constrained Choices in an era of COVID'.
  • Over 40 years, the HIV response offers valuable lessons for broader health initiatives, including the impact of activism, scientific innovation, evidence-based resource allocation, surveillance, and implementation cascades.
  • Significant financial investments, totaling approximately $100 billion in development assistance and $100 billion in domestic resources, have been directed towards the HIV response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the effectiveness and broader impact of the global HIV response, particularly in relation to human capital development and national health systems.
  • To identify key lessons learned from the HIV response that can inform future global health strategies.
  • To propose a shift towards more integrated, nationally-owned, and systems-oriented approaches in global health, especially in the context of COVID-19 and constrained resources.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of historical phases of the global HIV response.
  • Review of financial investments in HIV/AIDS programs, including development assistance and domestic resources.
  • Examination of human capital indicators (World Bank Human Capital Index) in major HIV-recipient countries.
  • Qualitative assessment of the impact of disease-specific responses on broader health and development outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Despite substantial funding (approx. $200 billion total), the number of people initiating HIV treatment (23 million) raises questions about cost-effectiveness ($10,000 per person).
  • Many high-recipient countries for HIV development finance rank poorly on the Human Capital Index, suggesting limited impact on broader development outcomes.
  • A significant portion of development assistance focused on a few priority countries in Eastern and Southern Africa, with substantial per-country investment (e.g., $6 billion per country).

Conclusions:

  • Narrowly targeted, disease-specific emergency responses, while achieving specific gains, may not improve governance, national systems capacity, or overall development outcomes.
  • The HIV response's focus may have displaced other critical health, education, and development priorities in recipient countries.
  • There is a compelling need to pivot towards long-term, integrated, developmental, nationally owned, and systems-oriented responses for global health, particularly given resource constraints exacerbated by COVID-19.