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Dynamic description of temporal changes of gut microbiota in broilers.

Ming-Han Li1, Jin-Xin Meng2, Wei Wang3

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Broiler gut microbiota composition changes significantly with age, showing distinct structures during different growth phases. Understanding these dynamics is key to improving broiler health and production.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Microbiology
  • Gut Microbiome Research

Background:

  • The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in broiler health and productivity.
  • Understanding the dynamic changes in gut microbial communities throughout the production cycle is essential for optimizing broiler welfare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the successional patterns of bacterial and fungal communities in commercial broiler chickens from hatch to market.
  • To identify key microbial players and developmental stages influencing broiler gut homeostasis.
  • To provide a foundation for microbiota-targeted interventions to enhance broiler health and production.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) for bacterial and fungal diversity.
  • Statistical analysis of microbiota composition and succession over the broiler production cycle.
  • Examination of microbial community structures at different developmental stages (0-3 days, 14-21 days, 35-42 days).

Main Results:

  • Bacterial communities were dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria; fungal communities by Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomeromycota.
  • Age was identified as a primary driver of gut microbiota composition changes.
  • Distinct microbial structures were observed during early life, rapid skeletal growth, and rapid weight gain phases.
  • Key bacterial and fungal species were found to potentially influence gut homeostasis through inter-microbial interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Broiler gut microbiota exhibits dynamic and age-dependent structural changes.
  • Specific developmental stages present unique microbial community profiles.
  • Targeting microbiota composition at different broiler growth stages offers potential for improving intestinal health and production outcomes.