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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

268
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
268
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

570
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
570
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

493
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
493
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

262
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
262
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

830
Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...
830
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

587
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
587

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Battery of Highly Reproducible Behavioral Tests to Validate an Angelman Syndrome Murine Model
11:05

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[Epilepsy in Angelman syndrome].

M Yu Bobylova1, K Yu Mukhin1, G V Kuzmich1

  • 1LLC «Svt.Luca`s Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy», Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|July 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic disorder often causing epilepsy. Early genetic diagnosis helps tailor anti-epileptic treatments, with valproic acid and levetiracetam showing effectiveness in managing seizures in AS patients.

Keywords:
Angelman syndromeUBE3A genebenign epileptiform discharges in childrendelta-theta-OPT patternepilepsynotched delta patternvideo-EEG monitoring

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Author Spotlight: A Battery of Highly Reproducible Behavioral Tests to Validate an Angelman Syndrome Murine Model
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A Scalable, Cell-Based Method for the Functional Assessment of Ube3a Variants
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Angelman syndrome (AS) is characterized by specific electroencephalogram (EEG) changes and genetically determined epilepsy.
  • Understanding the neurological status and epilepsy course in AS is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the neurological status, EEG changes, MRI findings, and epilepsy progression in patients diagnosed with Angelman syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 47 genetically confirmed AS patients (ages 2-20) was studied.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed via DNA methylation (32 patients) and sequencing (15 patients), identifying deletions or nucleotide substitutions.

Main Results:

  • Epilepsy was present in 45 out of 47 patients, with seizures typically starting before age 5.
  • Valproic acid, levetiracetam, and ethosuximide were effective monotherapies; combinations of valproic acid with levetiracetam or ethosuximide were effective duotherapies.
  • Disease severity correlated with mutation type, deletion length, and persistent seizures.

Conclusions:

  • Early genetic diagnosis of Angelman syndrome is essential for guiding the selection of appropriate anti-epileptic therapy (AET).