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Update on Melasma-Part I: Pathogenesis

Ana Cláudia C Espósito1, Daniel P Cassiano2, Carolina N da Silva1

  • 1Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, FMB-Unesp, SN. Campus de Rubião Jr., Unesp, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-000, Brazil.

Dermatology and Therapy
|July 29, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Melasma, a skin pigmentation disorder, is influenced by genetics, sun exposure, hormones, and inflammation. Understanding its complex causes is key to developing new treatments for this common condition.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pathogenesis of Skin Disorders

Background:

  • Melasma is a multifactorial dyschromia influenced by genetic predisposition, external factors (solar radiation), hormonal influences (sex hormones, pregnancy), and skin inflammation.
  • Affected skin displays hyperfunctional melanocytes and structural/functional alterations in the epidermis, basement membrane, and upper dermis, contributing to a focal hypermelanogenic phenotype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the pathogenesis of melasma.
  • To discuss the effects of specific treatments and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current scientific knowledge on melasma pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of factors including genetics, solar radiation response, endocrine factors, antioxidant systems, and cellular processes.

Main Results:

  • Melasma involves complex interactions between genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, hormonal factors, and inflammatory processes.
  • Alterations in melanocyte function, skin structure, and various cellular pathways (e.g., autophagy, paracrine regulation) are implicated.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in understanding the genetic basis, environmental responses, and cellular mechanisms of melasma are crucial.
  • This knowledge will drive the development of novel preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions for melasma.
Keywords:
MelaninMelanocytesMelasmaPathogenesisPhotoagingUV radiation

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