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Structures of Solids02:22

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Anisotropic Two-Dimensional Disordered Wigner Solid.

Md S Hossain1, M K Ma1, K A Villegas-Rosales1

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

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|July 29, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed the formation of an anisotropic Wigner solid (WS) in a clean 2D electron system. This exotic phase emerges at extremely low densities, characterized by nonlinear current-voltage behavior and anisotropic thresholds.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials
  • Low-Dimensional Systems

Background:

  • Exotic many-body phases arise from interactions and localization in electron systems.
  • Anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) Wigner solids (WS) are theoretically predicted but experimentally elusive due to demanding conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally realize and characterize an anisotropic Wigner solid (WS) in a clean 2D electron system.
  • To investigate the conditions and signatures of WS formation at extremely low electron densities.

Main Methods:

  • Transport measurements were performed on a clean 2D electron system with anisotropic effective mass and Fermi sea.
  • Analysis focused on current-voltage characteristics at extremely low electron densities (r_s > 38).

Main Results:

  • Strongly nonlinear current-voltage characteristics were observed at small DC biases.
  • Anisotropic voltage thresholds were identified, consistent with a pinned, disordered anisotropic WS.
  • The findings indicate WS formation when Coulomb interaction dominates Fermi energy (r_s ≃ 38).

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first experimental evidence for a disordered, anisotropic Wigner solid (WS).
  • The observed nonlinear transport and anisotropic thresholds confirm the formation of this exotic phase.
  • This work paves the way for exploring novel quantum phenomena in low-disorder, low-density electron systems.