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Association between a dietary pattern high in saturated fatty acids, dietary energy density, and sodium with coronary

Nur Ain Fatinah Abu Bakar1, Aryati Ahmad2,3, Wan Zulaika Wan Musa1

  • 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Scientific Reports
|July 29, 2022
PubMed

Insights

A specific dietary pattern high in saturated fat, energy density, and sodium is linked to increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in Malaysian adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This finding highlights the importance of diet in cardiovascular health.

Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Cardiovascular Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of mortality globally.
  • Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of conditions that significantly increases CHD risk.
  • Understanding dietary influences on CHD in high-risk populations is crucial for prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between dietary patterns (DP) and CHD in Malaysian adults with MetS.
  • To identify specific dietary components contributing to CHD risk in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 365 participants (178 with CHD, 187 without) meeting MetS criteria.
  • Dietary intake assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
  • Reduced rank regression (RRR) derived dietary patterns (DPs); binary logistic regression analyzed DP-CHD associations, adjusted for covariates.

Main Results:

  • A primary DP characterized by high saturated fatty acid (SFA), high dietary energy density (DED), and high sodium intake was identified.
  • This DP, associated with high consumption of coconut-based dishes, fast foods, snacks, and processed foods, and low intake of fruits and vegetables, was significantly associated with CHD (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.03–1.69, p=0.026).

Conclusions:

  • A dietary pattern high in SFA, DED, and sodium is significantly associated with an increased likelihood of CHD in Malaysian adults with MetS.
  • Dietary modifications focusing on reducing these components may be beneficial for CHD prevention in high-risk individuals.

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