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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Space Physiology
  • Human Adaptation

Background:

  • Human adaptation to space involves complex brain function changes.
  • Understanding cognitive and emotional processing during microgravity is crucial for astronaut health and mission success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in astronauts' brain electrical activity (EEG) during a decision-making task in microgravity.
  • To explore how microgravity affects value-based decision-making and emotional stimulus processing.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record brain potentials of astronauts performing a virtual docking task.
  • Comparisons were made between performance in weightlessness and on Earth, before and after a 6-month space mission.

Main Results:

  • A decrease in the P300 brainwave component amplitude was observed during microgravity, with recovery post-flight.
  • In weightlessness, successful dockings showed earlier scalp voltage redistribution (150-250 ms) compared to unsuccessful ones (250-400 ms).

Conclusions:

  • Microgravity alters value-based decision-making mechanisms, potentially involving the orbitofrontal cortex (BA10) for emotional reweighting.
  • The brain processes positive and negative feedback differently in weightlessness compared to Earth conditions.