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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Author Spotlight: Non-Surgical Treatment of Melasma&#8211; Microneedling with Tranexamic Acid
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Update on Melasma-Part II: Treatment.

Daniel P Cassiano1, Ana Cláudia C Espósito2, Carolina N da Silva2

  • 1Departamento de Dermatologia, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Dermatology and Therapy
|July 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Melasma, a common skin pigment disorder, currently lacks a cure but can be managed. This review covers photoprotection, topical and oral treatments, and procedures for melasma control and prevention.

Keywords:
LaserMelasmaPeelingSunscreenUV radiation

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pigmentary Disorders

Background:

  • Melasma is a frequent, chronic, and relapsing pigmentary disorder.
  • It predominantly affects sun-exposed areas, particularly in women of childbearing age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review current knowledge on melasma management.
  • To explore strategies for the control and prevention of melasma.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of photoprotection, topical therapies, and oral treatments.
  • Analysis of procedural interventions including peelings, laser therapy, and microneedling.

Main Results:

  • Current management focuses on control and prevention due to the absence of a definitive cure.
  • Established strategies include photoprotection, various topical and oral agents, and procedural interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding melasma pathogenesis is incomplete, highlighting the need for further research.
  • Future therapeutic strategies may target pathways promoting sustained pigmentation rather than solely melanin reduction.