Processing methods for human amniotic membrane as scaffold for tissue engineering with mesenchymal stromal human...

Area of Science:

• Tissue engineering
• Biomaterials science
• Cell biology

Background:

• Human amniotic membrane (hAM) is a promising biomaterial for tissue regeneration.
• Different processing methods affect hAM properties and suitability for cell seeding.
• Investigating novel cell sources like mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is crucial for developing effective tissue constructs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare chemically and physically processed hAM scaffolds.
• To analyze the cytocompatibility and proliferation rate (PR) of human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSC) and human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSC) on hAM scaffolds.
• To evaluate novel hMSC from bone marrow as a cell source for tissue engineering constructs.

Main Methods:

• Human amniotic membranes were processed into frozen (FEAM), denuded (DEAM20/10), and decellularized (DAM) forms.
• Scaffolds were characterized using electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, with FEAM and DEAM10 selected for cell seeding.
• Primary hDPSC and hMSC were seeded onto FEAM and DEAM10 scaffolds, and cytotoxicity and PR were assessed in vitro.

Main Results:

• Four in vitro constructs were developed with no signs of cytotoxicity.
• Both hDPSC and hMSC demonstrated growth on FEAM and DEAM10 scaffolds.
• The DEAM10 scaffold facilitated a significantly higher proliferation rate (PR) for both cell types compared to FEAM.

Conclusions:

• Chemically processed hAM, specifically DEAM10, provides a superior scaffold for supporting human stromal cell growth and proliferation compared to FEAM.
• The study validates the use of hDPSC and a novel source of hMSC from bone marrow for tissue engineering applications using hAM scaffolds.
• DEAM10 scaffolds hold potential for developing advanced tissue-engineered constructs with enhanced cellular responses.