Mechanism research and treatment progress of NAD pathway related molecules in tumor immune microenvironment

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Immunology
• Oncology

Background:

• Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is central to cellular energy metabolism.
• Key molecules like NAMPT, Sirtuins, PARP, and CD38 regulate cellular functions and disease development.
• These NAD pathway molecules influence tumor immunity by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the mechanisms of NAD pathway molecules in tumor immunity.
• To summarize advances in drug research and combination therapies targeting these molecules.
• To discuss new technology-based therapies for overcoming challenges like side effects and drug resistance.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on NAD pathway molecules and cancer immunity.
• Analysis of current drug development and clinical applications.
• Exploration of novel therapeutic strategies and technologies.

Main Results:

• NAD pathway molecules regulate cell energy metabolism, cytokine release, and neoantigen expression.
• These molecules significantly impact the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), influencing anticancer effects.
• Targeted drugs show potential but face challenges like side effects and resistance.

Conclusions:

• NAD pathway modulation is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
• Advancements in drug discovery, combination therapies, and new technologies are crucial for improving efficacy.
• Further research is needed to optimize therapeutic interventions targeting the NAD pathway in cancer.