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Related Concept Videos

Biological Methods for Microbial Control01:28

Biological Methods for Microbial Control

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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
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Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth01:29

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Microbial growth control refers to various methods employed to inhibit, reduce, or eliminate microorganisms to ensure safety and hygiene across different settings. These methods are categorized based on the target environment and the level of microbial control required.Biocides are versatile agents designed to control microorganisms by either inhibiting their growth or outright killing them. These agents work through various physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological mechanisms. The...
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Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
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Microorganisms rely on proteins as an essential carbon and energy source, particularly in environments with limited polysaccharides or lipids. However, proteins are too large to cross the plasma membrane unaided, necessitating enzymatic degradation. Microbes secrete extracellular proteases and peptidases that hydrolyze proteins into peptides, which can then be transported across the membrane. Once inside the cell, intracellular proteases degrade these peptides into free amino acids, which...
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An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
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Metabolic control by the microbiome.

Timothy O Cox1, Patrick Lundgren1, Kirti Nath1

  • 1Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Genome Medicine
|July 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiome influences host health through circulating metabolites affecting immunity, metabolism, and the nervous system. Understanding this interaction could lead to microbiome-based therapies for metabolic control.

Keywords:
MetabolismMetabolitesMicrobiomeNutrients

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Metabolic interactions
  • Host-microbe symbiosis

Background:

  • The gut microbiome's metabolic activities significantly impact host health.
  • Microbially-derived metabolites circulate and interact with host systems.
  • These interactions influence immune, metabolic, and nervous system functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interplay between the metabolic activities of the gut microbiome and host systemic metabolism.
  • To explore how understanding this interaction can inform the design of interventions.
  • To highlight the potential for microbiota-based diagnostics and therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of microbiome-host metabolic interactions.
  • Analysis of metabolite circulation and systemic effects.
  • Conceptual framework integrating microbiome into endocrine system understanding.

Main Results:

  • Microbial metabolites are key mediators of the microbiome-host metabolic axis.
  • The endocrine system can be viewed as encompassing both host and microbial components.
  • Targeting the microbiome offers a route to modulate host systemic metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper mechanistic understanding of the metabolic microbiome-host interaction is crucial.
  • This knowledge can drive the development of novel microbiota-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Controlling host systemic metabolism via the microbiome is a promising therapeutic strategy.