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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

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Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
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Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

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The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

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The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
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The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Author Spotlight: PEGASOS Tissue Clearing Technique to Visualize Bone Remodeling
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Author Spotlight: PEGASOS Tissue Clearing Technique to Visualize Bone Remodeling

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Review old bone, new tricks.

Livnat Barsky1, Ifat Cohen-Erez1, Igor Bado2

  • 1Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

Clinical & Experimental Metastasis
|July 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Understanding bone metastasis in breast and prostate cancer is crucial. This review details how cancer cells interact with the bone microenvironment to spread, persist, and reactivate, informing future treatments.

Keywords:
Bone metastasisBreast cancerDormancyEndosteal nichePerivascular nicheReactivation

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Bone metastasis is a significant cause of mortality in breast and prostate cancer patients.
  • Despite advances in molecular profiling and clinical strategies, metastasis remains poorly understood.
  • Effective treatments for bone metastasis are currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of bone metastasis in breast and prostate cancer.
  • To elucidate the interactions between metastatic cells and the bone microenvironment.
  • To highlight factors promoting cancer cell adhesion, colonization, dormancy, and reactivation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on bone metastasis.
  • Analysis of cellular pathways and microenvironmental interactions.
  • Synthesis of findings on metastatic cell behavior in bone.

Main Results:

  • Metastatic cells utilize specific routes and bone microenvironment niches for colonization.
  • Cellular adhesion, prolonged dormancy, and reactivation are key processes.
  • Interactions within the bone microenvironment significantly influence metastatic progression.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of bone metastasis mechanisms is essential.
  • Identifying specific niches and cues can lead to novel therapeutic targets.
  • This review provides insights for developing future treatment strategies for bone metastatic conditions.