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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Author Spotlight: Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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Foveal eversion patterns in diabetic macular edema.

Alessandro Arrigo¹, Andrea Saladino², Emanuela Aragona²

¹Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. alessandro.arrigo@hotmail.com.

Scientific Reports

|July 30, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Foveal eversion patterns in diabetic macular edema (DME) correlate with worse disease outcomes. Specific patterns, particularly Pattern 2, showed poorer visual acuity and persistent edema, suggesting a loss of foveal homeostasis impacting treatment response.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Retinal Diseases
Diabetic Retinopathy

Background:

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision loss in diabetic patients.
Understanding the structural changes in DME is crucial for predicting treatment outcomes.
Foveal eversion, a specific morphological change, has been observed in DME but its prognostic significance requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe foveal eversion patterns in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).
To assess the relationship between foveal eversion patterns and the clinical course and visual outcomes of DME.
To evaluate the impact of different treatment modalities on foveal eversion and DME progression.

Main Methods:

Prospective, observational study with a 2-year follow-up involving 146 eyes with DME.
Patients were treated with either anti-VEGF/dexamethasone (DEX) implants or fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implants.
Foveal eversion patterns were categorized, and outcomes including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were assessed using OCT.

Main Results:

Foveal eversion was present in 57% of eyes, with three distinct patterns identified (1a, 1b, 2).
While BCVA improved across most subgroups, Pattern 2 showed significantly worse OCT parameters and poorer visual outcomes.
Patterns 1b and 2 were associated with a higher prevalence of persistent DME (64% and 89%, respectively).

Conclusions:

Foveal eversion patterns are correlated with progressively worse DME outcomes.
Pattern 2 foveal eversion is linked to poorer structural OCT metrics and persistent DME.
Foveal eversion may indicate a loss of foveal homeostasis, leading to reduced treatment efficacy and adverse DME progression.