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Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
Published on: April 14, 2014
Saudi consensus recommendations on the management of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD)
Eslam Shosha1, Salman A Aljarallah2, Norah Al Fugham3
1Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, HHSC, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Abstract:
This article focuses on the diagnosis and management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). NMOSD is an autoimmune, demyelinating condition characterized by inflammation of the optic nerve and/or the spinal cord, with symptoms that can range from mild impairment of movement to paralysis. The newly approved diagnostic criteria have improved the accuracy of NMOSD diagnosis. The management of NMOSD is under major revolution due to the many new therapeutic options. The role of the antibodies directed at aquaporin-4 (AQP4) has materialized as a biomarker for NMOSD. Several new treatments that target variable aspects in immunopathology such as IL-6, complement, or depletion of B cells are emerging. The management of AQP4-negative patients remains challenging.
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