Non-invasive diagnostic test for cow's milk allergy: A cross-sectional, descriptive study

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
• Infant Nutrition
• Diagnostic Methodologies

Background:

• Cow's milk allergy is a prevalent infant condition with non-specific symptoms, complicating accurate diagnosis.
• Digestive issues, atopic dermatitis, and respiratory problems are common but lack objective diagnostic criteria.
• Accurate and immediate diagnostic methods are crucial to prevent misdiagnosis and parental anxiety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the relationship between diet and cow's milk allergy in infants.
• To evaluate the utility of the Cow's Milk Related Symptom Score (CoMiSS) in diagnosing cow's milk allergy.
• To identify potential associations between cow's milk allergy and infant growth parameters.

Main Methods:

• A descriptive study involving 250 infants over one year at a pediatric health center.
• Data collection via a demographic questionnaire and the Cow's Milk Related Symptom Score (CoMiSS).
• Statistical analysis using Chi-squared and independent t tests.

Main Results:

• Cow's milk allergy was diagnosed in 35% of the infants studied.
• A significant relationship was observed between infant diet and the presence of cow's milk allergy (p < 0.001).
• Significant associations were found between cow's milk allergy and age-dependent growth indices (weight, height, head circumference).

Conclusions:

• While conditions like colic and reflux can affect diagnostic accuracy and CoMiSS reliability, non-invasive methods are needed.
• Early diagnosis of cow's milk allergy is essential for effective management and parental support.
• Increased awareness and improved diagnostic tools can aid in preventive measures for cow's milk allergy.