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ASEAN countries' environmental policies for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

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Environment, Development and Sustainability
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Summary

ASEAN nations have numerous environmental policies for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), yet progress remains insufficient. This suggests implementation, not policy quantity, is key to achieving environmental SDGs.

Keywords:
ASEANEnvironmental policySustainable Development Goals (SDGs)Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Policy Analysis
  • Sustainable Development Studies
  • Southeast Asian Regional Cooperation

Background:

  • Progress on the environmental dimension of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is widely considered insufficient globally, including in Asia.
  • Previous research on SDGs and Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) has largely overlooked the role and extent of national policy efforts.
  • Environmental policies are critical instruments for achieving the SDGs' environmental targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze how member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) report environment-related policies within their VNRs.
  • To develop a comprehensive dataset of environmental policies reported by ASEAN countries for the SDGs.
  • To establish a baseline for investigating the reasons behind insufficient progress on environmental SDGs.

Main Methods:

  • A dataset of environment-related policies was developed from ASEAN countries' VNRs.
  • The study quantified and categorized reported environmental policies across various SDGs.
  • Analysis explored the relationship between policy numbers and economic indicators (GDP, GDP per capita) or VNR submission dates.

Main Results:

  • ASEAN countries reported nearly 600 environment-related policies in their VNRs, constituting approximately 40% of all reported SDG policies.
  • Reported policies were diverse, including substantial measures like national action plans, strategies, laws, and regulations.
  • The quantity of reported environmental policies did not correlate significantly with GDP, GDP per capita, or VNR submission timing.
  • Major existing environmental policies, such as those for air pollution, were often omitted from VNRs.

Conclusions:

  • Insufficient progress on environmental SDGs in ASEAN is unlikely due to a lack of environmental policies or low prioritization.
  • The findings highlight a potential gap between policy reporting in VNRs and actual implementation or effectiveness.
  • The developed dataset serves as a crucial baseline for future research on policy implementation and effectiveness in the region.