Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Asexual Reproduction02:38

Asexual Reproduction

33.0K
Asexual reproduction allows plants to reproduce without growing flowers, attracting pollinators, or dispersing seeds. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent and produced without the fusion of male and female gametes.
33.0K
Diversity of Protists III01:27

Diversity of Protists III

120
Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
120
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

6.1K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
6.1K
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

12.7K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
12.7K
Non-vascular Seedless Plants02:26

Non-vascular Seedless Plants

65.3K
The diverse plant life on Earth—consisting of nearly 400,000 species—can be divided into three broad categories based on biological characteristics: nonvascular, seedless vascular, and seed plants.
65.3K
Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte02:33

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

29.0K
Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.
29.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Insights into the phylogeny and enigmatic mitochondrial biology of eustigmatophyte algae from over 50 newly sequenced organellar genomes.

Genome biology and evolution·2026
Same author

The dynamic genomes of <i>Salvinia</i> reshape our understanding of fern chromosome evolution.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Losing genes, gaining edits: how relaxed selection and inverted repeat expansion shape RNA editing in Schizaeaceae plastomes.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2026
Same author

Studies of Vietnamese pteridophyte flora 4: topotype project.

PhytoKeys·2026
Same author

Interpreting Phase-Specific EEG Signatures After Aortic Surgery: Vulnerability or Physiology?

Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology·2026
Same author

Hornwort pyrenoids: a terrestrial exception with engineering lessons.

Plant physiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM Protocols for Problematic Plant, Oomycete, and Fungal Samples
10:57

Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM Protocols for Problematic Plant, Oomycete, and Fungal Samples

Published on: February 3, 2017

29.3K

Systematics and Plastome Evolution in Schizaeaceae.

Bing-Feng Ke1, Goang-Jiun Wang2, Paulo H Labiak3

  • 1Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|August 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Schizaeaceae fern family shows significant plastid gene loss, particularly NADH dehydrogenase (ndh) genes, linked to mycoheterotrophic gametophytes. This study resolves their phylogeny and identifies a new species, *Schizaea medusa*.

Keywords:
MicroschizaeaSchizaeaceaechlmycoheterotrophyndhphyloplastome

More Related Videos

Robust DNA Isolation and High-throughput Sequencing Library Construction for Herbarium Specimens
13:03

Robust DNA Isolation and High-throughput Sequencing Library Construction for Herbarium Specimens

Published on: March 8, 2018

10.7K
Plant Growth and Agrobacterium-mediated Floral-dip Transformation of the Extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula
06:32

Plant Growth and Agrobacterium-mediated Floral-dip Transformation of the Extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula

Published on: January 7, 2019

13.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM Protocols for Problematic Plant, Oomycete, and Fungal Samples
10:57

Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM Protocols for Problematic Plant, Oomycete, and Fungal Samples

Published on: February 3, 2017

29.3K
Robust DNA Isolation and High-throughput Sequencing Library Construction for Herbarium Specimens
13:03

Robust DNA Isolation and High-throughput Sequencing Library Construction for Herbarium Specimens

Published on: March 8, 2018

10.7K
Plant Growth and Agrobacterium-mediated Floral-dip Transformation of the Extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula
06:32

Plant Growth and Agrobacterium-mediated Floral-dip Transformation of the Extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula

Published on: January 7, 2019

13.2K

Area of Science:

  • Plant evolutionary biology
  • Phylogenomics
  • Fern taxonomy

Background:

  • Schizaeaceae ferns exhibit unique morphologies and life histories, including mycoheterotrophic gametophytes.
  • Gametophytic mycoheterotrophy in this family is associated with extensive plastid gene loss.
  • Limited plastome data and unresolved phylogenies hinder understanding of Schizaeaceae evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To infer a robust phylogenetic framework for Schizaeaceae using comprehensive species sampling.
  • To investigate the evolutionary history of plastid genes in relation to mycoheterotrophy.
  • To resolve taxonomic uncertainties and describe new species within the family.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis using three DNA regions for broad family sampling.
  • Plastome-based phylogenomic reconstruction for deep relationships.
  • Comparative analysis of plastid gene loss across major clades.

Main Results:

  • A plastid phylogeny revealed four major clades: *Microschizaea*, *Actinostachys*, *Schizaea*, and *Schizaea pusilla*.
  • Loss of all plastid NADH dehydrogenase (*ndh*) genes occurred in the Schizaeaceae ancestor, coinciding with mycoheterotrophy.
  • Convergent losses of chlorophyll biosynthesis (*chl*) genes were observed in *Actinostachys* and *S. pusilla*.
  • A new species, *Schizaea medusa*, was described from the *S. dichotoma* complex.
  • The genus *Schizaea* (sensu PPG I) was found to be non-monophyletic, necessitating a revised three-genus classification.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a well-resolved phylogeny for Schizaeaceae, clarifying deep relationships.
  • Plastid gene loss, especially *ndh* genes, is strongly linked to the evolution of mycoheterotrophy in this fern family.
  • Taxonomic revisions, including the recognition of *Microschizaea* and *Schizaea medusa*, improve classification accuracy.