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Sarcopenia: Body Composition and Gait Analysis.

Yuxuan Fan1, Bo Zhang2, Guohao Huang1

  • 1Foot Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|August 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sarcopenia in the elderly is linked to decreased muscle mass and affects gait parameters like step length. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can help diagnose sarcopenia by assessing appendicular lean mass index (ALMI).

Keywords:
body compositionbutterfly parametersgait forward dynamics methodgait parameterssarcopenia

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Age-induced sarcopenia significantly impairs walking stability and elevates fall risk in the elderly.
  • Falls represent the primary cause of accidental death among older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare body composition and gait characteristics between elderly individuals with and without sarcopenia.
  • To identify gait markers associated with sarcopenia for fall prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) in 68 community dwellers.
  • Participants were categorized into sarcopenia (n=24) and normal (n=44) groups based on ALMI.
  • Gait analysis was performed using a plantar pressure measurement system, followed by gait forward dynamics analysis.

Main Results:

  • While Body Mass Index (BMI) was generally normal, the healthy group had a significantly higher BMI than the sarcopenia group (p < 0.001).
  • Elderly individuals without sarcopenia exhibited significantly greater step length, stride length, gait line length, and single support line length (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05).
  • Gait forward dynamics revealed no neural or musculoskeletal disorders in the sarcopenia group's gait.

Conclusions:

  • Sarcopenia is primarily characterized by decreased muscle mass, correlating strongly with BMI and ALMI, though age had minimal impact on these in the elderly.
  • Distinct gait parameter differences between sarcopenic and healthy elderly individuals highlight the impact on mobility.
  • Abnormalities in step length, stride length, gait line, or single support line warrant DXA assessment for potential sarcopenia diagnosis.