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Electrocardiography in Hypertensive Patients without Cardiovascular Events: A Valuable Predictor Tool?
J Ricardo Pires1,2, M Teixeira1, F Ferreira1
1Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal.
International Journal of Hypertension
|August 1, 2022
Summary
Electrocardiography (ECG) can identify left ventricular strain in hypertensive patients, predicting cardiovascular events. This accessible tool aids in early risk assessment for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Clinical Diagnostics
- Hypertension Research
Background:
- Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease.
- Early detection of target organ damage in hypertensive patients is crucial for preventing CV events.
- Electrocardiography (ECG) is a widely available and specific tool for evaluating hypertensive patients, though its sensitivity as a predictor is debated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize ECG features in a hypertensive population.
- To identify specific ECG abnormalities that can predict CV events in hypertensive individuals.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 175 hypertensive patients without prior CV events was studied over a mean follow-up of 4.0 ± 2.20 years.
- ECG and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were performed on all participants.
- Clinical characteristics and ECG abnormalities were analyzed and compared between patients who experienced CV events and those who did not.
Main Results:
- Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was identified in 29.71% and a LV strain pattern in 9.7% of patients.
- A LV strain pattern on ECG was a statistically significant predictor of CV events (p=0.01).
- Multivariate analysis confirmed LV strain pattern as an independent predictor (HR 2.66, 95% CI 1.01-7.00), with worse prognosis shown in survival analysis (p=0.014).
Conclusions:
- ECG is a practical method for identifying end-organ damage in hypertensive patients.
- ECG findings, specifically LV strain pattern, can serve as a valuable tool for predicting future CV events in this population.
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