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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

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In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is...
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Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
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Hydrolysis of esters under acidic conditions proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. In the presence of excess water, the reaction proceeds in a reversible manner, forming carboxylic acids and alcohols.
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Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
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Biodegradable active materials containing phenolic acids for food packaging applications.

Ramón Ordoñez1, Lorena Atarés1, Amparo Chiralt1

  • 1Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
|August 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Biodegradable polymers with phenolic acids offer active food packaging solutions. These materials reduce plastic waste and enhance food preservation through antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, with molecular structure influencing effectiveness.

Keywords:
active packagingantimicrobialantioxidantfood safetysustainability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Food Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Excessive plastic use in food packaging drives demand for sustainable alternatives.
  • Biodegradable polymers offer an eco-friendly solution to plastic waste.
  • Incorporating active compounds into biodegradable polymers enhances food preservation and adds value.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of phenolic acids and biodegradable polymers in active food packaging.
  • To discuss the properties, interactions, and antimicrobial efficiency of these active packaging materials.
  • To highlight the influence of phenolic acid structure on antioxidant/antimicrobial capacity and material interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on phenolic acids and biodegradable polymers for active packaging.
  • Analysis of phenolic acid properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities.
  • Examination of interactions between phenolic acids, polymer matrices, and food substrates.

Main Results:

  • Phenolic acids exhibit significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, with minimal sensorial impact.
  • The molecular structure of phenolic acids dictates their efficacy and interaction with polymers.
  • Interactions can result in plasticizing or cross-linking effects within the biodegradable films.
  • Biodegradable films incorporating phenolic acids demonstrate antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

Conclusions:

  • Phenolic acids are promising active compounds for biodegradable food packaging.
  • Understanding structure-property-interaction relationships is crucial for optimizing active packaging performance.
  • Further research is needed to validate these active materials in real food applications.