Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable Zn scaffold by vacuum heating-press sintering for bone repair

Bone repair materials with excellent mechanical properties are highly desirable, especially in load-bearing sits. However, the currently used ceramic- and polymer-based ones mainly show poor mechanical properties. Recently, biodegradable metals have attracted extensive attention due to their reliable mechanical strength and degradability. As biodegradable metals, zinc-based materials are promising due to their suitable degradation rate and good biocompatibility. Here, we fabricated biodegradable porous Zn scaffolds with relatively high mechanical properties by vacuum heating-press sintering using NaCl particles as space holders. The microstructure, actual porosity, compressive mechanical properties, in vitro degradation behavior and the vitality of osteoblasts of porous Zn scaffolds were tested and investigated. The results show the porosities of the prepared porous Zn scaffolds are ranging from 11.3 % to 63.3 %, and the pore sizes are similar to the size range of the screened NaCl particles (200-500 μm). Compressive yield strength of 14.2-73.7 MPa and compressive elastic modulus of 1.9-6.7 GPa are shown on porous Zn scaffolds, some of which approach to that of cancellous bone (2-12 MPa and 0.1-5 GPa). Compared to bulk Zn, although the porous structures cause a partial loss of strength, the reliable mechanical properties are still retained. In addition, the porous structures not only greatly increase the degradation rate, but also promote the proliferation of osteoblasts. Based on these results, biodegradable porous Zn scaffolds (porosity in the 40 %-50 %) fabricated by vacuum heating-press sintering method show high application potential for clinical bone repair.