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Related Concept Videos

Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

228
The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
228
Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

172
When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
172
Curing Methods01:26

Curing Methods

119
Concrete members with a small surface-to-volume ratio are cured by oiling and moistening the forms before casting the concrete member. These forms can be left in place for a prolonged period to prevent moisture loss, and can be wetted if made of a material suitable for wetting. If the forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and covered with polythene sheets to maintain moisture. For large horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to dry weather, a temporary covering is suspended...
119
Curing of Concrete01:20

Curing of Concrete

160
The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...
160
Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

242
Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
242
Setting Time of Cement01:12

Setting Time of Cement

260
The setting time of cement refers to the process of cement paste transitioning from a plastic state to a solid state. This process is crucial in construction as it dictates the timeframe for concrete placement, compaction, and finishing. The onset of this solidification is termed the initial set, indicating when the paste becomes unworkable. The final set is when the paste has solidified completely, and further handling or manipulation can no longer affect its shape. The cement strength is...
260

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation MICP by Immersion
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Experimental study on tailings cementation by MICP technique with immersion curing.

Changyu Jin1, Huiyang Liu1, Mingxiao Guo1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.

Plos One
|August 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) offers an eco-friendly alternative to Portland cement for tailings solidification. This method utilizes bacteria to cement tailings, reducing pollution and improving ground stability in mining operations.

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Area of Science:

  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Filling mining methods control ground stress and prevent subsidence.
  • Tailings reuse as filling material addresses industrial waste.
  • Traditional Portland cement for tailings causes groundwater pollution and air emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and investigate a sustainable tailings cementation method using microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP).
  • To optimize MICP parameters for effective tailings cementation.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of mixed microbial consortia for enhanced tailings strength.

Main Methods:

  • Tailings cementation using MICP with aerobic bacteria (Sporosarcina pasteurii) under immersion curing.
  • Variable control method to study factors like bacterial concentration, cementing solution concentration, tailings particle size, and curing temperature.
  • Application of mixed aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria (Sporosarcina pasteurii and Castellaniella denitrificans) for improved cementation.

Main Results:

  • Optimal cementation achieved with specific concentrations of Sporosarcina pasteurii (OD600=1.6) and urea (0.75 mol/L) at 30°C, using unground tailings.
  • Uneven calcification observed with single bacterial species.
  • Mixed bacterial consortia (Sporosarcina pasteurii and Castellaniella denitrificans) resulted in higher strength cemented tailings.

Conclusions:

  • MICP is a viable, eco-friendly alternative to Portland cement for tailings solidification.
  • Optimized conditions and mixed microbial cultures enhance the effectiveness of MICP for tailings cementation.
  • This technique promotes industrial waste reuse while mitigating environmental pollution from mining activities.