Soil organic carbon decomposition responding to warming under nitrogen addition across Chinese vegetable soils

Chemical fertilization in excess and warming disrupt the soil microbes and alter resource stoichiometry, particularly in intensive vegetable soils, while the effects of these variables on the temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition (Q₁₀) and SOC stability remain elusive. Thus, we collected six long-term vegetable soils along a climatic gradient to examine the microbial mechanisms and resource stoichiometry effects on fluctuations in Q₁₀ and SOC stability induced by warming and fertilization from vegetable soils. Our results showed that the SOC decomposition was dominated by microbes and regulated by stoichiometry. Compared to cold sites, higher Q₁₀ of SOC decomposition was observed in warm sites, accompanied by lower enzyme activities, microbial CUE, and C:N ratio. In this context, warming reduced SOC stability as evidenced by up to 31.8% greater Q₁₀ (1.45) at warm sites than at cold sites (1.10) owing to less richness of microbial communities and lower microbial CUE. The relatively lower pH and labile organic C value restricted the development of microbial richness, and decreased C- and N-related enzyme activities and a lower C:N ratio resulted in microbial CUE reduction. Additionally, N fertilization altered the C:N imbalance and enhanced SOC stability in vegetable soils, exhibiting an increase of Q₁₀ values, particularly of great importance in warm sites. Collectively, our findings emphasize the importance of the microbial mechanism and resource stoichiometry in predicting variations in Q₁₀ and fluctuations in SOC stability, and provide theoretical advice on improving management policies in the context of warming and fertilization from vegetable soils.