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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
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Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Animals have evolved different strategies for excretion, the removal of waste from the body. Most waste must be dissolved in water to be excreted, so an animal’s excretory strategy directly affects its water balance.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Lab-Scale Model to Evaluate Odor and Gas Concentrations Emitted by Deep Bedded Pack Manure
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Functional keystone drive nitrogen conversion during different animal manures composting.

Huiying Li1, Zimin Wei1, Caihong Song2

  • 1College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.

Bioresource Technology
|August 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chicken manure undergoes more significant nitrogen conversion during composting than cattle dung. Key nitrogen factors and bacterial diversity differ between the two manures, impacting composting regulation.

Keywords:
CompostingEnvironmental factorsFunctional keystoneNitrogen transformation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Animal manure composting is crucial for nutrient recycling.
  • Understanding nitrogen transformation is key to optimizing composting efficiency and minimizing environmental impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze nitrogen transformation in chicken manure (CM) and cattle dung (CD) during composting.
  • To identify functional keystone microorganisms involved in nitrogen conversion.
  • To compare nitrogen dynamics and microbial community differences between CM and CD.

Main Methods:

  • Composting experiments with CM and CD.
  • Analysis of nitrogen fractions (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate).
  • Identification and quantification of nitrogen-transforming bacterial communities and functional keystones.

Main Results:

  • Chicken manure exhibited more intense nitrogen conversion compared to cattle dung.
  • Cattle dung's main nitrogen factors were nitrite and ammonium nitrogen; chicken manure's were ammonium and nitrate nitrogen.
  • Chicken manure harbored a more diverse nitrogen-transforming bacterial community.
  • Functional keystone variations in cattle dung occurred mainly during cooling and maturation, while in chicken manure, they persisted throughout composting.

Conclusions:

  • Nitrogen transformation pathways and microbial communities differ significantly between chicken manure and cattle dung composting.
  • Environmental factors play a critical role in shaping functional keystone abundances.
  • Findings offer insights for targeted regulation of nitrogen conversion in animal manure composting.