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Diet and carcinogenesis: historical perspectives.

K K Carroll

    Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Dietary fat intake and caloric restriction significantly impact cancer development. High-fat diets promote tumors, while calorie restriction inhibits them, primarily during cancer promotion.

    Area of Science:

    • Nutrition and Cancer Research
    • Carcinogenesis Studies
    • Dietary Impact on Tumorigenesis

    Background:

    • Animal studies 40-50 years ago established diet's influence on carcinogenesis.
    • Caloric restriction (50-66% of normal intake) generally inhibited tumor development.
    • High-fat diets enhanced tumor yields, independent of caloric intake, and selectively affected certain tumor types.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the historical and current understanding of diet's role in carcinogenesis.
    • To highlight the interplay between dietary fat, caloric intake, and tumor promotion.
    • To connect early animal model findings with recent epidemiological cancer data.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of historical animal experiments on diet and cancer.

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  • Analysis of findings on caloric restriction and tumor development.
  • Examination of studies on high-fat diets and their selective effects on tumors.

    • Main Results:

    • Caloric restriction demonstrated a general inhibitory effect on various tumor types.
    • Dietary fat independently enhanced tumor yields, with selective effects on specific cancers.
    • Both factors appear to primarily influence the promotional stage of carcinogenesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary fat and caloric restriction are key modulators of carcinogenesis.
    • Mechanisms underlying these dietary effects on cancer promotion require further investigation.
    • Epidemiological data reinforces the importance of studying diet-cancer links in animal models.