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Comparative embryogenesis in ungulate domesticated species.

Xenia Schlindwein1,2, Ingmar Werneburg1,2

  • 1Fachbereich Geowissenschaften an der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Summary

Domesticated ungulate organ maturity at birth varies, with horses being most mature and pigs least. This developmental pattern influences susceptibility to artificial selection and domestication.

Keywords:
Standard Event System (SES)altricialityartificial selectionlife historyprecocialityweaning

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Embryogenesis, the process of organ system development, varies across species.
  • Organ systems developing earlier in embryogenesis tend to be more mature at birth.
  • Domestication involves artificial selection, potentially impacting developmental trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare embryogenesis in six ungulate species (five even-toed, one odd-toed).
  • To investigate the relationship between developmental maturity at birth and susceptibility to artificial selection.
  • To contextualize developmental patterns within a phylogenetic framework and domestication history.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative embryogenesis analysis across six ungulate species.
  • Phylogenetic framework application for evolutionary contextualization.
  • Assessment of organ system maturity at birth and developmental timing.

Main Results:

  • A distinct pattern of organ maturity at birth was observed: horse > cattle > reindeer > sheep/goat > pig.
  • Heterochronic shifts, particularly in fur development and coloration, were noted after domestication.
  • Domesticated carnivorans exhibit greater altriciality (immaturity at birth) compared to domesticated ungulates.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental maturity at birth correlates with life history traits and susceptibility to artificial selection in ungulates.
  • Early developmental events appear to be deeply influenced by domestication processes.
  • While correlations exist, specific exaptations driving domestication remain difficult to pinpoint with current data.