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Updated: Sep 2, 2025

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Prevalence and Factors Affecting Difficult Intravenous Access in Children in Oman: A Cross-sectional Study

Huda Al-Awaisi1, Shinoona Al-Harthy1, Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan2

  • 1Nursing Department, Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Center, Muscat, Oman.

Oman Medical Journal
|August 2, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Difficult peripheral intravenous (IV) access is common in children. Visible or palpable veins increase success, while scarring decreases it, aiding in predicting IV access challenges in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Clinical Nursing
  • Medical Procedures

Background:

  • Peripheral intravenous (IV) access is a routine clinical procedure.
  • Difficult peripheral IV access is a recognized challenge in pediatric patients.
  • Understanding factors influencing pediatric IV access is crucial for effective patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of difficult peripheral IV cannulation in children.
  • To identify factors associated with difficult IV access in pediatric patients.
  • To develop a predictive tool for difficult IV access in children.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman.
  • Data were collected by nurses from September to December 2015.
  • 511 pediatric patients undergoing IV cannulation were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • 23.3% of children required two or more cannulation attempts.
  • Visible veins (OR 2.72) and palpable veins (OR 2.22) were associated with successful cannulation.
  • Previous scarring from IV attempts reduced the likelihood of success (OR 0.50).

Conclusions:

  • Statistically significant variables for difficult IV cannulation in children were identified.
  • A prediction tool was developed to assess the likelihood of difficult IV access in pediatric patients.
  • Further research is needed to validate the predictive tool's efficacy in this population.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildOmanPeripheral CatheterizationRisk FactorsVascular Access Devices

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