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Globalizing 'science and religion': examples from the late Ottoman Empire
1TED University, Ankara, Turkey.
British Journal for the History of Science
|August 2, 2022
Summary
In the 19th century, Ottoman intellectuals reframed Islam as science-compatible to counter European criticism. This involved presenting a textual, fact-oriented version of Islam, positioning themselves as its modern interpreters.
Area of Science:
- History of Science
- Sociology of Religion
Background:
- The 19th century saw globalized debates on the relationship between science and religion.
- European discourse often portrayed Islam as antithetical to scientific progress.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze how the "science and religion" debate manifested in the late Ottoman Empire.
- To explore the strategies employed by Ottoman intellectuals to reconcile Islam with modern science.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of texts from the Ottoman press (mid- to late 19th century).
- Examination of intellectual discourse aimed at European audiences and "ignorant Muslims".
Main Results:
- Ottoman intellectuals constructed a "science-friendly" Islam, distinct from lived religious practices.
- This involved transforming Islam into a text aligned with scientific facts and promoting scientific appreciation.
- Intellectuals asserted their authority as legitimate interpreters of Islam in the "age of science".
Conclusions:
- The "science and religion" debate spurred new global conceptualizations of both science and religion.
- Ottoman intellectuals strategically redefined Islam to counter negative stereotypes and establish their intellectual authority.
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