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Paraneoplastic syndromes: A focus on pathophysiology and supportive care
Clement Chung1, Emily Allen2, Godsfavour Umoru2
1Houston Methodist West Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
Summary
Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs) are remote effects of cancer. This article details their pathophysiology and supportive care, aiding early cancer recognition and management.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Neurology
- Immunology
Background:
- Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs) are remote effects of malignancy, crucial for early cancer diagnosis.
- PNS symptoms often mimic nonneoplastic disorders, necessitating careful evaluation due to differing pathogenesis and treatment responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To enhance awareness of paraneoplastic syndromes.
- To outline the pathophysiology of endocrine, neurological, and immunological PNSs.
- To provide guidance on supportive care strategies for PNSs.
Main Methods:
- Review of pathophysiology of specific PNSs.
- Analysis of current treatment strategies for associated endocrine, neurological, and immunological manifestations.
- Identification of supportive care opportunities for pharmacists.
Main Results:
- PNSs can manifest as ectopic Cushing's syndrome, hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM), SIADH, neurological dysfunctions, and autoimmune thrombocytopenia.
- Management involves treating the underlying malignancy and specific comorbidities.
- Pharmacological interventions include ketoconazole, mitotane, amifampridine, osteoclast inhibitors, and immunomodulatory agents.
Conclusions:
- Supportive care for PNSs presents opportunities for pharmacists to improve quality, value, and safety in patient management.
- Timely recognition and management of PNSs can lead to earlier cancer diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.
Keywords:
autoimmuneectopic Cushing’s syndromehypercalcemia of malignancyneurologicalparaneoplastic syndromessupportive careMore Related Videos
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