A polymorphic form of familial arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

Thirty-two members of a family were studied. Three of them died in their youth and had evidence of arrhythmogenic right ventricular (RV) dysplasia. The other 29 members underwent clinical examination, electrocardiography, chest x-ray and M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography. Fourteen patients found to have structural abnormalities of the right ventricle underwent 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic recording and symptom-limited bicycle stress testing. Hemodynamic and angiographic studies were performed in 6 of these patients. In this family the arrhythmogenic RV dysplasia showed a wide variation of abnormalities, ranging from mild, local alterations to generalized involvement of the right ventricle. The patients were separated into 3 groups on the basis of both the clinical profile and noninvasive/invasive studies: 3 subjects who died suddenly; 3 subjects who had severe ventricular arrhythmias; and 8 subjects in whom RV impairment was not associated with any significant arrhythmias. There was no close relation between the severity of the RV abnormality and presence of ventricular arrhythmias. The variability of the RV abnormality and the high prevalence of this condition in this family is consistent with a genetic pattern of autosomal dominance with incomplete penetrance.