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Suicidality in the geriatric population.

Mohammad Ridwan Chattun1, Nousayhah Amdanee2, Xiangrong Zhang2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.

Asian Journal of Psychiatry
|August 2, 2022
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Summary

Suicide in older adults is a growing global concern. Identifying risk factors and enhancing protective elements are crucial for developing effective prevention strategies in the elderly population.

Keywords:
Older adultsPrevention strategiesProtective factorsRating scalesRisk factorsSuicide

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric psychiatry
  • Public health
  • Mental health research

Background:

  • Suicide in older adults presents a significant global public and mental health challenge.
  • The aging global population anticipates a rise in suicide rates.
  • Current prevention strategies have shown limited success in reducing suicidal risk among the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review risk factors, protective factors, assessment scales, and prevention strategies for suicide in the geriatric population.
  • To highlight the need for personalized interventions by identifying modifiable risk factors and strengthening protective factors.
  • To emphasize the importance of staging suicidal ideation, behaviors, and attempts for tailored care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of risk factors, protective factors, assessment tools, and prevention strategies.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to suicidal susceptibility and resilience in older adults.
  • Evaluation of the effectiveness of current preventive measures.

Main Results:

  • Common risk factors include psychiatric illness (especially depression), physical illnesses, prior suicide attempts, substance abuse, loneliness, financial stress, and low social support.
  • Protective factors encompass good physical and cognitive health, religiosity, life satisfaction, functional independence, social connections, and marital status.
  • Existing preventive strategies have not significantly reduced suicidal risk in this demographic.

Conclusions:

  • A multifaceted approach combining strategies across primary care, mental healthcare, societal, and community levels is necessary.
  • Personalized interventions targeting modifiable risk factors and enhancing protective factors are essential.
  • Further research and improved preventive measures are critical to reduce suicide rates in older adults.