AMPK and NRF2: Interactive players in the same team for cellular homeostasis?

Area of Science:

• Cellular Biology
• Molecular Signaling
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Nuclear factor E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor crucial for cellular defense against oxidative and xenobiotic stress.
• AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, impacting metabolism, redox balance, and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the potential interdependence and cooperation between AMPK and NRF2 signaling pathways.
• To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between AMPK and NRF2.
• To highlight the relevance of this crosstalk in pathophysiology and drug/phytochemical bioactivity.

Main Methods:

• Narrative review of existing literature.
• Analysis of molecular interactions between AMPK and NRF2.
• Examination of overlapping cellular responses to common stressors.

Main Results:

• Evidence suggests overlapping cellular responses upon activation of AMPK or NRF2.
• Common stressors impinge on both signaling pathways, indicating potential crosstalk.
• The review outlines potential molecular interaction points between AMPK and NRF2.

Conclusions:

• AMPK and NRF2 signaling pathways likely interact and cooperate to restore cellular homeostasis.
• Understanding this crosstalk is crucial for comprehending cellular resilience and therapeutic strategies.
• Further research into their interplay may reveal novel therapeutic targets.