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Related Experiment Videos

Automatic and effortful processing by mentally retarded and nonretarded persons.

D M Meador, N R Ellis

    American Journal of Mental Deficiency
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cognitive processing in individuals with intellectual disabilities was examined. While automatic processing was similar across groups, effortful processing was slower to develop but potentially greater in those with intellectual disabilities.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Neuroscience
    • Developmental Psychology

    Background:

    • Understanding cognitive processing differences is crucial for individuals with intellectual disabilities.
    • Automatic and effortful cognitive processes are fundamental to learning and behavior.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare automatic and effortful cognitive processing in brain-injured, cultural-familial intellectual disability, and non-retarded individuals.
    • To investigate how processing speed and priming effects differ across these groups.

    Main Methods:

    • A letter priming task was employed to assess cognitive processing.
    • Participants included individuals with intellectual disabilities and a non-retarded control group.
    • Response times and priming effects were measured under varying stimulus presentation intervals.

    Main Results:

    • Both intellectual disability groups exhibited slower response times compared to the non-retarded group.
    • Automatic processing, indicated by inhibitory and short-interval facilitative effects, was similar across all groups.
    • Long-interval facilitative effects increased over time for individuals with intellectual disabilities, unlike the non-retarded group.

    Conclusions:

    • Automatic cognitive processing appears comparable across individuals with and without intellectual disabilities.
    • Effortful cognitive processing in individuals with intellectual disabilities is characterized by slower development and potentially increased capacity.
    • These findings suggest distinct developmental trajectories for different types of cognitive processing in intellectual disability.

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