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Tuberculosis and Its "Troubled Relationship" With Other Diseases
Maria João Correia1, Marta Maio Herculano2, Joana Duarte1
1Internal Medicine, Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, PRT.
Cureus
|August 3, 2022
Summary
This case study details a rare instance of prostatic tuberculosis in an untreated HIV-positive patient presenting with respiratory failure. The diagnosis was confirmed post-prostatectomy following complications from urethral catheterization.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Urology
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is increasingly observed in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- HIV infection can facilitate Mycobacterium tuberculosis dissemination, particularly during seroconversion.
- Untreated HIV poses a significant risk for severe and disseminated TB manifestations.
Observation:
- A 22-year-old male with untreated HIV presented with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.
- Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed initially.
- Complications arose from urethral catheterization, leading to hemorrhagic shock and prostate capsule perforation.
Findings:
- Anatomopathological examination of the prostate revealed acid-resistant bacilli and extensive caseous necrosis.
- Prostatic tuberculosis was confirmed as a complication of disseminated TB.
- The patient required prostatectomy for bleeding control.
Implications:
- This case highlights the potential for unusual presentations of extrapulmonary TB in immunocompromised individuals.
- It underscores the importance of considering TB in HIV-positive patients with diverse symptoms.
- Management of complicated TB requires multidisciplinary approaches involving infectious disease, critical care, and surgical teams.
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