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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Potential human immunotherapeutics for plague.

Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana1, Lovasoa Nomena Randriantseheno1, Kristoffer M Moore2

  • 1Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP1274 Ambatofotsikely, Antananarivo-101, Madagascar.

Immunotherapy Advances
|August 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two monoclonal antibodies targeting the V antigen of Yersinia pestis showed protective effects against bubonic plague in mice. Mab7.3 offered full protection, while Mab 29.3 demonstrated significant efficacy in vivo.

Keywords:
Plagueclinical isolateimmunotherapeuticpassive therapyprotection

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Plague, caused by Yersinia pestis, remains a significant public health concern in endemic regions.
  • Effective immunotherapeutics are crucial for controlling Yersinia pestis outbreaks.
  • Monoclonal antibodies targeting Yersinia pestis antigens are a promising therapeutic strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the protective efficacy of two monoclonal antibodies (Mab7.3 and Mab 29.3) against Yersinia pestis infection.
  • To assess the efficacy of these antibodies when administered before and after infection.
  • To contribute to the development of novel immunotherapies for plague.

Main Methods:

  • A murine model of bubonic plague was established using a clinical isolate of Yersinia pestis (10-21/S) from Madagascar.
  • Mice were infected and treated with Mab7.3 or Mab 29.3 intraperitoneally at 24 hours prior to or 24 hours post-infection.
  • Protective efficacy was determined by survival rates and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Mab7.3 demonstrated complete protection against Yersinia pestis infection, consistent with previous studies.
  • Mab 29.3 showed significant protective efficacy, with 4 out of 5 mice surviving in both pre- and post-infection treatment groups.
  • This study provides the first in vivo demonstration of Mab 29.3's efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Both Mab7.3 and Mab 29.3 exhibit potent protective efficacy against Yersinia pestis infection in a murine model.
  • Mab7.3, currently undergoing humanization, shows great potential as a human immunotherapeutic for plague.
  • These findings support the continued development of monoclonal antibodies for plague prevention and treatment, particularly in endemic areas.