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Association between nut consumption and cancer risk: a meta-analysis
Chang Cao1, Xinyan Gan1, Yan He2
1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology/Cancer center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.
Nutrition and Cancer
|August 3, 2022
Summary
Regular nut consumption significantly lowers cancer risk and mortality, particularly for lung and gastric cancers. A daily increase of 10g in tree nut intake reduces overall cancer mortality by 20%.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Epidemiology
- Oncology
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- The relationship between dietary habits and cancer incidence/mortality is a critical area of public health research.
- Understanding the specific impact of nut consumption on various cancer types and overall mortality is essential for dietary guidelines.
Approach:
- A comprehensive meta-analysis and dose-response analysis were performed on existing studies.
- Data from 17 articles were synthesized using a random-effects model to determine pooled effect sizes (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
- Two independent reviewers ensured rigorous data extraction and quality assessment.
Key Points:
- Total nut intake demonstrated a significant association with reduced cancer risk (ES: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.86-0.95) and cancer mortality (ES: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.85-0.92).
- Specific reductions were observed for lung cancer risk (ES: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.81-0.91) and gastric cancer risk (ES: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68-0.91).
- A dose-response analysis indicated that a 10g/day increase in tree nut consumption was linked to a 20% reduction in cancer mortality (ES: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.71-0.89).
Conclusions:
- Nut intake is significantly associated with a reduced risk of developing cancer and a lower likelihood of cancer-related death.
- The findings highlight the protective effects of nuts, especially against lung and gastric cancers.
- Increased consumption of tree nuts shows a notable dose-dependent reduction in overall cancer mortality.
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