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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Spin Pumping through Different Spin-Orbit Coupling Interfaces in β-W/Interlayer/Co2FeAl Heterostructures.

Soumyarup Hait1, Sajid Husain1, Himanshu Bangar2

  • 1Thin Film Laboratory, Physics Department, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|August 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that inserting specific interlayers into ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic heterostructures can significantly enhance spin current production. Choosing interlayers with strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) optimizes spin angular momentum transfer for spintronics devices.

Keywords:
Heusler compoundferromagnetic resonanceinterlayersion beam sputteringspin mixing conductancespin pumping

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Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Spin pumping is a key mechanism for generating spin currents in ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic (FM/NM) systems.
  • Nonmagnetic materials with strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) are crucial for efficient spin current manipulation.
  • Understanding the role of interlayers (ILs) is vital for optimizing spin transport in heterostructures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the effect of interlayers with varying SOC strengths on spin pumping in β-W/IL/Co2FeAl (CFA) heterostructures.
  • To quantify the impact of different ILs on the effective damping and spin transport properties.
  • To demonstrate a method for enhancing spin current generation through interface engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of β-W/IL/CFA heterostructures on Si(100) with various interlayers (Al, Mg, Mo, Ta).
  • Measurement of spin pumping via effective damping enhancement in CFA by varying β-W thickness.
  • Confirmation of results using inverse spin Hall effect measurements.

Main Results:

  • The β-W/CFA bilayer showed a ~50% increase in damping compared to a single CFA layer.
  • Inserting weak SOC interlayers (Al, Mg) reduced effective damping by 8-20%.
  • Inserting strong SOC interlayers (Mo, Ta) increased effective damping by 66-75% compared to the β-W/CFA bilayer.

Conclusions:

  • Spin pumping efficiency is highly dependent on the SOC strength of the interlayer.
  • Weak SOC interlayers suppress spin pumping, while strong SOC interlayers significantly enhance it.
  • The strategic insertion of ultrathin interlayers offers a pathway to boost spin current production for advanced spintronics applications.