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Cognitive and motor development in preterm children from 6 to 36 months of age: Trajectories, risk factors and

Sin-Jie Li1, Po-Nien Tsao2, Yu-Kang Tu3

  • 1School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Rehabilitation, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

Early Human Development
|August 3, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Preterm children born very low birth weight (VLBW) show diverse cognitive and motor development paths. These developmental trajectories predict later cognitive, motor, and behavioral outcomes in early childhood.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Developmental progress variations in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm children are understudied.
  • Understanding individual developmental trajectories is crucial for VLBW infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine cognitive and motor trajectories in preterm children born VLBW.
  • To identify risk factors and predictability of these developmental patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective assessment of 580 VLBW preterm infants from three cohort studies (2003-2014).
  • Bayley Scales used at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months for mental and motor development.
  • Movement Assessment Battery for Children and Child Behavior Checklist used at 4 years for cognitive, motor, and behavioral outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Three cognitive patterns (stably normal, deteriorating, persistently delayed) and four motor patterns (above average, stably normal, deteriorating, persistently delayed) were identified.
  • Low birth weight, retinopathy of prematurity, and low socioeconomic status were linked to deteriorating patterns.
  • Prolonged hospitalization and brain damage were associated with persistently delayed patterns. Deteriorating patterns predicted impairment at 4 years.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm VLBW children exhibit heterogeneous cognitive and motor developmental trajectories.
  • These trajectories predict later developmental and behavioral outcomes.
  • Early identification of developmental patterns is key for intervention in VLBW infants.
Abstract

Keywords:
Developmental trajectoriesInfluencing factorsPredictionPreterm birth

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