Clinical Management of Children with Oropharyngeal Aspiration - Physician Survey

Pulmonary aspiration in infants and children is common, with 25% of the pediatric population reported to experience some type of nonspecific swallowing dysfunction. Diagnosing and managing oropharyngeal aspiration remain a challenging task due to the lack of distinguishing clinical or laboratory characteristics. We conducted a large, physician-based survey in an effort to determine the differences in the diagnosis and management of patients with oropharyngeal aspiration across different centers, using a quantitative online questionnaire. A survey was developed with the goal of understanding the physician demographics, diagnosis, management strategies, and the role of specialized centers for airway, voice, and swallowing disorders (also known as Aerodigestive Disease Centers). The questionnaire was sent to the pediatric membership of the American Thoracic Society. A total of 136 questionnaires were completed and physicians from 42 different Aerodigestive Digestive Centers participated in the survey. Ninety-two percent of respondents believed that the evidence is unclear on the best methods for diagnosing lung disease related to oropharyngeal aspiration. Modified barium swallow (MBS) study and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing were the most useful studies in making the diagnosis of the oropharyngeal aspiration according to the participants. The majority of the participants preferred to repeat the feeding evaluations and MBS after the initial intervention. For children with suspected or confirmed aspiration, 68.6% of the respondents stated that they combine endoscopy and flexible and/or rigid bronchoscopy for further evaluation, while 27.1% preferred to perform the procedures individually at the discretion of each specialty provider. Inhaled corticosteroids were mostly prescribed if there was any component of bronchial hyperreactivity, and acid suppression therapy was primarily prescribed if there was a diagnosis or suspicion of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Empirical thickening of the feeds was not uniformly performed among the aerodigestive centers as a therapy method for the children with swallowing dysfunction with aspiration. In the survey, physicians mentioned about the importance of better guidelines for aspiration, the requirement of new diagnostic measures, the necessity of multicenter trials of sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic tools, and developing a scoring system for reading the radiological studies for children with oropharyngeal aspiration.