Liquid-cooled modular gas cell system for high-order harmonic generation using high average power laser systems.

Area of Science:

• Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
• Laser Physics
• Plasma Physics

Background:

• High-order harmonic generation (HHG) requires stable gas targets.
• High average power lasers pose thermal challenges for gas cells.
• Existing gas cell designs may lack modularity and adaptability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To design and implement a modular gas target system for HHG.
• To ensure thermal stability under high heat load conditions.
• To provide a versatile and adaptable solution for various experimental setups.

Main Methods:

• Modular gas cell design with multiple-cell configurations.
• Implementation of a liquid cooling system for thermal management.
• Optimization using heat and flow simulations.
• Experimental validation using high-order harmonic generation measurements.

Main Results:

• Successful design and implementation of a modular, liquid-cooled gas target.
• Demonstrated control over cell length and aperture size.
• Experimental validation of the system's performance with high average power lasers.
• Confirmation of thermal stability and vacuum compatibility.

Conclusions:

• The developed gas target system is robust, versatile, and stackable.
• It is suitable for high-order harmonic generation with high average power lasers.
• The system can be readily adapted for diverse experimental geometries and facilities like ELI ALPS.