[Treatment strategy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adolescent and young adults]

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adolescents and young adults (AYA) is a relatively new concept that refers to patients aged 15-39 years with unique pathophysiology and requiring specific clinical care. Many clinical studies have revealed that treatment with the pediatric protocol has better disease-free and overall survival than the adult protocol for AYA-ALL. AYA-ALL survival was significantly improved from 30% with the adult regimen to 60-70% with the pediatric regimen. Two types of strategies are available to adapt pediatric regimens to AYA-ALL, a pediatric-inspired and a fully pediatric regimen. Determining the recommended strategy from these two strategies is difficult at this time. New knowledge of AYA-ALL-specific genetic characteristics provides new strategies for targetable ALL, especially Ph-like ALL. New immunotherapy has been approved for refractory and recurrent ALL; however, treatment results of AYA-ALL were improved by introducing the first line of immunotherapy in BCP-ALL, which may have a poor prognosis such as residual MRD. Pediatric and adult hematologists must work together to improve the prognosis of AYA-ALL.