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Fifty Years of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children: The Accepted, the Unknown, and Thoughts for the Future

Russell J Hopp1,2,3, Jenna Allison1,2,3, David Brooks1,2,3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska.

Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology
|August 4, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has clear diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines, but research gaps remain. Further studies are needed on its causes, microbiome, and advanced treatments for children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in children presents significant healthcare costs, yet its pathogenesis is not fully understood.
  • Established guidelines exist for diagnosing pediatric CRS, initial antibiotic selection, and treatment duration.
  • Gaps in knowledge persist regarding the pediatric CRS microbiome, optimal imaging, and management of refractory cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
  • To identify areas requiring further investigation and potential research directions.
  • To discuss the spectrum of CRS in children and adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
  • Analysis of diagnostic standards, antibiotic protocols, and treatment strategies.
  • Identification of research gaps and future investigation opportunities.

Main Results:

  • Consensus exists on diagnosis and initial treatment of pediatric CRS.
  • No recent prospective antibiotic studies are available.
  • Key areas for future research include the microbiome, imaging, alternative antibiotics, and refractory CRS.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric CRS diagnosis and initial management are well-defined.
  • Significant research opportunities exist in understanding CRS etiology and optimizing treatment.
  • Adolescent CRS may present with an adult-like spectrum, necessitating broader recognition.

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