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Cue Reactivity to Electronic Cigarettes: A Systematic Review.
Merel Keijsers1, Maria Cecilia Vega-Corredor2, Simon Hoermann3
1Human Interface Technology Laboratory, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) cues reliably trigger cravings for ENDS and sometimes conventional cigarettes. User type and device design showed little impact on this cue reactivity, highlighting research gaps.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Behavioral Science
- Addiction Research
Background:
- Cue reactivity to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) is a known phenomenon.
- Variability in study designs, user types, and ENDS devices may affect consistent findings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) cue reactivity.
- To examine how smoking status and device design moderate ENDS cue reactivity.
Main Methods:
- Systematic search of major biomedical databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane).
- Inclusion of studies measuring craving, attention, or economic decisions in response to ENDS cues.
- Assessment of study quality and risk of bias.
Main Results:
- ENDS cues consistently induced ENDS craving across studies.
- Approximately half of the studies found ENDS cues also induced conventional cigarette craving.
- Smoking status and ENDS device generation did not appear to significantly moderate cue reactivity.
Conclusions:
- Evidence supports the existence of cue reactivity to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS).
- Current research has limitations regarding diverse user types.
- Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) design appears to have minimal influence on cue reactivity.
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