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Related Concept Videos

Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

91
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Antiviral potential of combinations of etiotropic antiherpetic agents including LAS-131, a novel terminase complex inhibitor, to affect the reproduction of herpes simplex virus type 1 (<i>Orthoherpesviridae: Simplexvirus: Simplexvirus humanalpha1</i>).

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Combination drug therapy as a strategy to improve the efficacy and safety of treatment of herpes simplex virus infections: potential risks and prospects.

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Combined Effect of Basic Antiherpetic Drugs with a New Inhibitor of the Terminase Complex of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Vero Cell Cultures.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

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Favipiravir and Its Structural Analogs: Antiviral Activity and Synthesis Methods.

I D Konstantinova1, V L Andronova1,2, I V Fateev1

  • 1Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia.

Acta Naturae
|August 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Favipiravir, a pyrazine-carboxamide antiviral, is approved for influenza and explored for COVID-19. This review covers its metabolism, activity, clinical use, toxicity, and synthesis, including analogs.

Keywords:
6-fluoro-3-oxopyrazine-2-carboxamideSARS-CoV-2favipiravirinfluenzapyrazine-2-carboxamide

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Virology
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • 1,4-Pyrazine-3-carboxamide derivatives are extensively researched antivirals.
  • Favipiravir (T-705) is an approved influenza antiviral, now investigated for COVID-19 treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the metabolism, antiviral mechanisms, clinical data, toxicity, and synthesis of favipiravir.
  • To present data on structural analogs of favipiravir, including nucleoside and nucleotide derivatives.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of in vivo metabolism, antiviral activity, and clinical findings.
  • Analysis of chemical synthesis routes and properties of favipiravir analogs.

Main Results:

  • Favipiravir exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity.
  • The review details favipiravir's metabolic pathways and mechanisms of action.
  • Synthesis and antiviral data for structural analogs are provided.

Conclusions:

  • Favipiravir is a significant antiviral agent with diverse applications.
  • Further research into favipiravir and its analogs may yield new therapeutic options.